Analyses by treatment timing, cumulative dose, and stunting supported the overall finding, though early-initiation and female subgroup data were limited.
In a target-trial emulation of more than 600,000 veterans, GLP-1 RA initiators saw fewer new substance use disorders—and patients with existing SUDs had fewer overdoses, hospitalizations, and deaths.
Mendelian randomization analyses linked higher birthweight with greater mid-childhood height but the connection could reflect genetic factors related to skeletal growth.
Narrative review linked lower vitamin D levels to greater myopia risk and higher omega-3 intake to lower risk, though outdoor exposure may explain the vitamin D association.